Hypertension, referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated. It was previously referred to as nonarterial hypertension[citation needed], but in current usage, the word “hypertension”[citation needed] without a qualifier normally refers to arterial hypertension.

Hypertension: Symptoms of High Blood Pressure

One of the most dangerous aspects of hypertension is that you may not know that you have it. There are generally no symptoms of high blood pressure, so you usually don’t feel it. In fact, nearly one-third of people who have hypertension don’t know it. The only way to find out if you have high blood pressure is to get your blood pressure checked on a regular basis. This is especially important if you have a close relative who has high blood pressure.

Causes of Hypertension

Race. African-Americans are more likely to develop high blood pressure than their Caucasian counterparts.

Gender. Men run a greater overall risk for developing high blood pressure than women do. However, women who are postmenopausal, especially if 20 pounds or more overweight, are at risk for developing high blood pressure.

Primary, or essential, high blood pressure accounts for 95% of all cases of hypertension.3Secondary high blood pressure, which is caused by another disease or medicine, is less common.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Mitral stenosis

Mitral regurgitation

The other major type of hypertension, termed Secondary Hypertension, has an identifiable cause. It is due to disease. For example, kidney (renal) hypertension is due to high blood pressure within the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys. The underlying cause is kidney disease or conditions like atherosclerosis, which narrow or block the renal arteries. Secondary hypertension may also result from hormonal imbalances, particularly in the kidney’s adrenal glands.

Experts believed that this system evolved millions of years ago to protect early humans during drought or stress by retaining salt and water and narrowing blood vessels to ensure adequate blood flow and repair injured tissue. With industrialization, however, this system wreaks havoc on modern humans by intensifying the effects of high-salt diets and sedentary lifestyle. Of particular importance in these harmful responses are the hormone aldosterone and a peptide (which are components of proteins) called angiotensin II.

Treatment of Hypertension

The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure so that you have a lower risk of complications.

There are many different medicines that can be used to treat high blood pressure. Such medicines include:

Alpha blockers

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

Calcium channel blockers

Beta blockers. These medications reduce the workload on your heart, causing your heart to beat slower and with less force. When prescribed alone, beta blockers don’t work as well in blacks — but they’re effective when combined with a thiazide diuretic.

Originally posted 2009-11-01 08:35:59. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Among the health related concerns are retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and coronary heart disease. The risk of CVD increases in individuals that have diabetes and hypertension to about 75%. This is considered to be a a contributing factor to the mortality rate.

Typically, in individuals with both diabetes and hypertension will also have risks that can become even higher because of other health factors. Such as, central obesity, inflammation of the left ventricular hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, microalbuminuria, insulin resistance and hyper coagulation. Any of these factors can increase the possibility of developing CVD.

Interestingly, a published study has revealed that many individuals that have sought medical attention in connection with their type 2 diabetes and hypertension do not receive adequate treatment.

This is especially true in those patients that have repeatedly had elevated blood pressure readings. For the most part, the medication is not modified to meet the needs of the hypertension and the diabetes.

In many cases, a person with diabetes and hypertension will need to take more than one medicine to control the condition. Generally, they will have to take about three different medications in order to gain control over the blood pressure. It is also possible that the doctor will have to change the prescriptions a few times in order to find the right combination for the individual with the least side effects.

Some studies have revealed benefits of using ACE inhibitors in diabetic patients with hypertension as well. This makes using the ACE inhibitors the best course of treatment in many situations. However, your medical care provider will have to determine the best treatment for you. Each case is different and they have varying factors that should be considered by the physician prior to beginning treatment.

A doctor will consider the age of the individual, the severity of their circumstances, their overall health and existing medications before the determination can be made.

It is important that you reveal any relevant medical history to the doctor. This should include allergies to medication. If you have any questions or concerns about the treatment your doctor suggests for you for diabetes and hypertension treatment you should further discuss your options.

It is important also that you know what to look for as far as side effects and complications so you can immediately notify your doctor if you notice you are beginning to suffer from any of them.

Alvin Hopkinson is a leading and avid researcher of various high blood pressure treatments. He runs a content-packed website that provides free tips to lower your hypertension and unbiased reviews on common blood pressure medications. Grab your FREE report on how to lower blood pressure naturally and visit his site at http://www.minusbloodpressure.com

Originally posted 2009-12-30 06:46:02. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Some factors including smoke ,being overweight, deficiency of physiological action, salt in the diet, overly more alcohol intake, strain,old age ,genetics ,household story of higher blood force ,chronic kidney disease and adrenal and thyroid disorders. Hypertension is considered to be present when an individual’s systolic blood force is consistently 140 mmHg or greater, and/or their diastolic blood force is consistently 90 mmHg or greater. Severe hypertension can induce symptoms such as worry , sleepiness, disarray and coma. Hypertension under this condition needs to be controlled, but prolonged hospitalization is not inevitably required.

Hypertension is typically treated by making changes in your lifestyle, and with drug therapy. Weight decrease and routine aerobic drill (e. g. jogging) are recommended as the best steps in treating balmy to conservative hypertension. Regular balmy drill improves blood flowing and helps to cut resting eye pace and blood force. Stress administration, biofeedback and meditation may assist you cut your blood force. Relaxation therapy, such as meditation, that reduces environmental strain, higher stable levels and over-illumination can be an extra method of ameliorating hypertension.

Avoid drunkenness overly more alcohol, which is associated with higher blood force. Eat a robust diet that includes oodles of fruits and vegetables. Don’t smoke. Smoking and higher blood force are leading danger factors for having an eye blast or shot subsequently in living. Acupuncture and acupressure have both been used really successfully to lower blood force readings. Garlic, onions, carrots, and celery are known to cut blood force. Garlic is the better known of the group, and garlic pills and capsules can be purchased at health nutrient stores that are just as efficient at reducing blood force as eating sweet garlic.

Originally posted 2009-11-03 11:51:10. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Hypertension does not in itself give dramatic symptoms, but it is dangerous because it causes a highly increased risk for heart infarction, stroke and renal failure.

THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION

One out of six persons is hypertensive. Most persons suffering from hypertension is over the age of 35. Still 6% of teenagers are hypertensive and also 1% of every child.

THE SYMPTOMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF HYPERTENSION

Hypertension is often without symptoms. By mild hypertension, flushing and headache can occur.
More serious hypertension gives symptoms like: Fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and nosebleeds.

Extreme hypertension gives morning headache, blurred vision, dyspnoea (breathing difficulties) and elevated values of certain components in the blood, like urea and serum creatinine.

Hypertension will in the long run hurt the blood vessels, and serious hypertension can do extensive damage to the blood vessels in a few months or years.

The damaged blood vessels will impair the blood flow. They can also rupture causing a bleeding or be clogged by a blood clot that shuts out the blood flow and causes tissue damage. These things can occur in the brain, causing a stroke, in the heart causing heart infarction or in the kidneys with renal failure as a consequence.

A renal failure will in the next turn cause the hypertension to aggarvate, partly because a damaged kidney will not manage to secrete water and salt well enough, and partly because a kidney that do not get enough blood will start a hormonal mechanism that induces the kidney to actively hold back salt and water.

THE MECHANISMS AND CAUSES OF HYPERTENSION

The direct mechanisms causing hypertension is one or more of these factors:
- An increased tension in the blood vessel walls.
- An increased blood volume caused by elevated levels of salt and lipids in the blood holding back water.
- Hardened and inelastic blood vessels caused by arteriosclerosis.

The primary causes behind these mechanisms are not fully understood, but these factors contribute to causing hypertension:
- A high consume of salt
- A high fat consume.
- Stress at work and in the daily life.
- Smoking.
- Over-weight
- Lack of exercise.
- Kidney failure.

LIFESTYLE MEASURES TO PREVENT AND TREAT HYPERTENSION

Lifestyle measures shall always be a component of the hypertension treatment. Sometimes such measures are enough to cure the condition. Those measures are:
- Reducing salt consume.
- Reduction of the consume of fat, and especially saturated fat.
- Weight reduction.
- Relaxing and stress reduction techiques, for example meditation and autogenic training.
- Regular exercise.

SPECIAL FOOD TYPES THAT REDUCE THE BLOOD PRESSURE

Research projects suggest that the following food types reduce blood pressure.

Fish oil and fat fish. The working substances seem to be the omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The effect from fish oil seems to cease when the fish oil supplements are stopped.
-Olive oil, especially olive oil of the quality extra virgin.

NATURAL SUPPLEMENTS TO HELP AGAINST HYPERTENSION

Natural supplements to treat hypertension exist. These supplements reduce blood pressure by lowering the cholesterol and lipid content in the blood, by preventing oxidation of tissue components by free radicals, and by helping damaged blood vessels to heal. Examples of ingredients having these effects are vitamin B3, inositol, turmenic extract and gum guggul extract.

They may also contain Ingredients giving a direct anti-hypertensive effect, like potassium, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C and fatty acids from marine sources.

MEDICAL TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION

When lifestyle measures and supplements are not enough to cure the condition, medical treatment must be applied.

Diuretics, or medicines to increase the urine production, are used to decrease the water content in the blood vessels, and thereby reduce the pressure in the vessels. When the water content is lowered, the heart does not need to pump so hard any more, and this will also reduce the pressure.

Beta-adrenergic blockers are another group of medicines to treat hypertension. This group of medicines block the signals that hormones and neurotransmitters give to the vessel walls, and the vessel walls then relax. They also slow down the heart rate to give a lower pressure exerted by the heart upon the blood.

Originally posted 2009-10-31 07:35:15. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Causes of Primary Hypertension

Lack of physical activity: Most of the causes for primary hypertension are caused by the lifestyle factor. The lack of physical activity could, first of all, increase cholesterol levels. Rising cholesterol levels narrows the blood vessel, thus increasing the pressure of blood flow – hypertension.

Adrenal tumors that are causes of secondary hypertension are pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, and Cushing’s syndrome. The last two types of adrenal tumors require complicated treatment, which unfortunately is not always effective in lowering blood pressure while removal of the pheochromocytoma has a better chance of treating hypertension.

Signs and Symptoms of Hypertension

Hypertension is only determined through a blood pressure measurement equipment and reads the systolic and diastolic of the blood. There is actually no identified sign of hypertension; rather, it varies from one person to another. Some people report to have experienced headaches, fatigue, dizziness, blurring of vision and facial flushing.

Other symptoms such as fatigue, nervousness, palpitations, racing or irregular heartbeats, chest pain suggest hypertension caused by other conditions. Bleeding in the retina, also known as retinal hemorrhage, or from the nose (Epistaxis) may be indicative of high blood pressure. Cramping in the leg while walking, excess perspiration, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, shortness of breath and restlessness are other possible symptoms of hypertension. In rare cases, the high blood pressure may cause heart attacks, kidney failure or brain swelling, which can lead to drowsiness and coma. Disturbed levels of consciousness such as sleepiness and even seizures in severe cases of hypertension, may occur.

Treatment of Hypertension

Drugs used in the treatment of hypertension include thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. The newer ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers were promoted as being better for the treatment of hypertension than the older thiazide diuretics and beta blockers, however this was mostly marketing hype since the newer drugs were on patent and made more money for the drug companies. However the studies showed that, at least compared to thiazide diuretics, the newer drugs weren’t as good, even they cost much more.

Thiazide diuretics. These medications act on your kidneys to help your body eliminate sodium and water, reducing blood volume. Thiazide diuretics are often the first — but not the only — choice in high blood pressure medications. Still, diuretics are often not prescribed. If you’re not taking a diuretic and your blood pressure remains high, talk to your doctor about adding one or replacing a drug you currently take with a diuretic.

Originally posted 2009-11-07 06:42:50. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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The best hypertension treatment is the treatment that doesn?t cause you the side effects of the meds ? the fatigue, the light headedness, the frequent urination, the blurry vision and even the short or mini stroke. Whilst drugs can control your blood pressure it doesn?t actually cure it.

If you find that medication is beginning to dictate your life then it is time to research and investigate other more natural methods to treat hypertension and in some cases to prevent hypertension. The good news is that there are natural methods that can cure hypertension even severe hypertension.

You can start by objectively looking at your diet ? we all know too much salt is not good for us and yet we eat six times the required salt intake (that?s whooping 6 teaspoonfuls of salt a day!), by not eating the right fruit and veg. we leave behind natural curing medicine that can practically save our lives. We indulge in highly saturated fats and continue to eat food with very little nutritional value either out of habit or lack of knowledge.

Exercising should be a daily task ? because with just half an hour a day of fast walking for example is proven to be one of the fastest ways to lower your blood pressure.

Stress is major cause of high blood pressure ? can?t stress enough how important stress management is to your blood pressure. If you learn to manage this right ? together with the correct foods and regular exercise you can quickly lower your blood pressure by 20 points after just a couple of weeks.

For those who wish to investigate further or want to take action by using only natural blood pressure remedies, then I highly recommend Craig Anderson’s “The High Blood Pressure Remedy Report? . Craig writes for Joe Barton Publishing and is the number 2 author in The Hypertension field. In it you?ll find a step-by-step formula to reduce high blood pressure naturally with no side effects.

To read more about the report or to download a copy visit http://controlhighbloodpressure.info

Originally posted 2009-10-28 11:39:18. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Many people are diagnosed these days with high blood pressure problem, which is a direct reflection on an unhealthy lifestyle that we tend to lead. With companies pushing employees to do more and more, annual raises getting less and less, and the threat of unemployment if you push back, it is no wonder that high blood pressure problem is a common ailment that people complain about.

There are many blood pressure treatments; you should really consider natural remedies, as well as a lifestyle change, to more effectively combat this problem. Based on the effectiveness shown, even doctors and researchers are beginning to lean in this direction.

A balanced diet is the one choice of high blood treatment which if done correctly, will lower your blood pressure and ease the problem of high blood pressure. There are a variety of foods that is natural high blood treatment. Foods like fish with high levels of omega-3 fatty acids all play a role in dilating blood vessels, relaxing muscles, and overall allowing more efficient blood flow in your body.

Vegetables are also good for a high blood pressure treatment and vegetarians have strikingly lower blood pressure. Vegetables should preferably be taken raw. If they are cooked, it should be ensured that their natural juices are not burnt in the process of cooking. Vegetables like cucumber, carrot, tomato, onion, radish, cabbage and spinach are best taken in their raw form. The intake of salt should be restricted; in any case it should not be taken more than four grams or half a teaspoon a day. Baking powder, containing sodium carbonate, should also be avoided.

Garlic is regarded as one of the most effective high blood pressure treatment. The pressure and tension are reduced because it has the power to ease the spasm of the small arteries. Garlic also slows the pulse and modifies the heart rhythm, besides relieving the symptoms of dizziness, numbness, and shortness of breath and the formation of gas within the digestive tract. The average dosage should be two to three capsules a day to make a dent in the blood pressure.

The use of olive oil in diet may support high blood pressure treatment. Middle aged men with high blood pressure a few years ago concluded that the amount of monounsaturated fat in three tablespoons of olive oil a day could lower systolic pressure about nine points and diastolic pressure about six points. More remarkable, a study found that a mere two-thirds of a tablespoon of olive oil daily reduced blood pressure by about five systolic points and four diastolic points in men.

For high blood pressure and stress, you may also want to consider the health and medical benefits of aromatherapy, as an alternative way of high blood pressure treatment, which not only helps with your mental state to relax you, but has also been proven to help from a medical perspective.

So the high blood pressure treatments mostly include a mix of medication and a disciplined lifestyle. Here it must be noted that none of high blood pressure treatment will work if taken independently. Someone with high blood pressure treatment needs to follow the prescriptions punctually meanwhile adopting a health lifestyle marked by a controlled diet and regular workout or physical exercise.

Finally, one must also realize that an existing issue of high blood pressure could be aggravated by activities like smoking, drinking, and medicines containing steroids. Therefore, high blood pressure treatment is to take care to avoid such things as well from one’s daily activities.

Originally posted 2010-01-21 06:43:32. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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There are a number of drugs which can help individuals suffering with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Although it must be noted that not every drug may work, and may have side effects which may involve changing dosage or opting for other drugs until the proper one is found to work. If you have been diagnosed with PPH by your PPH specialist, he will no doubt perform a catheterization to determine which drugs are appropriate for you.

The following drugs are currently available and/or being further studied:

* Prostacyclin is a drug which is administered intravenously.

* Treprostinil is a drug which is also given as a continuous infusion under the skin.

* Calcium blockers help to relax the muscles in the blood vessels.

* Anticoagulants help to prevent the blood from clotting.

* Diurectics help to remove excess fluid from body tissues.

* Oxygen can be used to enter the bloodstream.

* Remodulin is given as an injection and helps to regulate the size of the blood vessels. It is also helpful in alleviating symptoms caused by increased exercise.

* Flolan is given as an injection 24/7, and is similar to Remodulin in is efficacy.

* Tracleer helps to improve breathing and the ability to exercise.

* Iloprost can be inhaled through a nebulizer.

* Viagra improves the condition of PPH individuals by allowing the arteries to open.

* Revatio controls the narrowness or wideness of blood vessels in the lining of the lungs.

* Ambrisentan appears to be helpful for individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

As with any drug, it is important for you and your PPH specialist to determine the efficacy of these drugs; which drugs cause serious side effects; and the treatment options associated with these drugs.

In the event the Primary Pulmonary Hypertension increases damage to a lung, the PPH specialist will probably discuss the second option, which is a lung transplant. It may be worthy to note that the first heart-lung transplant was performed in 1981. Many of these operations were performed for patients with Primary Pulmonary Hypertension.

However, the single lung transplant is the most common method of transplant used in cases of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. This procedure involves the replacement of one lung; either the right or left.

This procedure was first performed in 1983 in patients who had pulmonary fibrosis. There are also cases in which double lung transplants are also done to treat Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, but are less common than the single lung transplant for treatment of PPH.

While there are fewer complications with the single lung transplant than with the heart-lung transplant, the survival rate is 70 percent for one year. It has also been reported that the ability of the right ventricle to heal itself is noteworthy. In patients with lung transplants, both the structure and function of the right ventricle dramatically improve.

While there can be complications associated with lung transplants including rejection by the body of the transplanted organ, as well as infection, there are risks with any surgery that involves removal and transplant of major organs. Those who have had lung transplants are required to take medications for life in order to reduce their body’s immune system’s ability to reject the new organ.

Unfortunately, there is no treatment that can stop the progression of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, however, the existing treatments can aid in slowing the disease’s progression and improve an individual’s quality of life. Treatment, therefore, is critical because without it, patients live less then five years.

This is why seeking a PPH specialist is so important.

While new studies on the treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension are on-going, it is necessary to mention not only the cost of treatment, but the determining factor which caused PPH in the first place.

It is a well documented that Fen-Phen ultimately caused this disease, and litigation is on-going. The problem with those who have taken this weight suppressant is that the effects of the drug do not normally show up for ten years. Thus, you can imagine the anxiety of those individuals who have taken this drug, only to be informed it causes Primary Pulmonary Hypertension.

It is highly recommended if you do show signs of PPH, that you first contact a PPH specialist to determine the cause of your symptoms, and then contact a PPH attorney who can file a lawsuit on your behalf. While this disease may alter your life, the costs involved in treatment and possible surgery are incalculable.

Originally posted 2010-01-06 06:35:28. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Originally posted 2009-11-18 06:50:30. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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Cause and Pathogenesis

The cause of primary (essential) hypertension is not known. It is thought to be due to multiple risk factors. Known risk factors include a familial history of the disease, race, obesity, tobacco smoking, stress, and a high-fat or high-sodium diet in genetically susceptible individuals. Extremely nervous and highly emotional people also tend to develop hypertension more readily. Secondary hypertension is related to an underlying disease process such as renal parenchymal disorders , renal artery disease, endocrine and metabolic disorders, central nervous system disorders, and narrowing of the aorta (coarctation).

Causes Pulmonary Hypertension: Pulmonary hypertension results from constriction, or tightening, of the blood vessels that supply blood to the lungs. Consequently, it becomes difficult for blood to pass through the lungs, making it harder for the heart to pump blood forward. This stress on the heart leads to enlargement of the heart and eventually fluid can build up in the liver and tissues, such as the in the legs. Affected patients can sometimes notice increasing shortness of breath and dizziness.

What are the symptoms of Hypertension?

If you have hypertension, chances are that you may not have any symptoms at all. Hypertension is often called the “silent killer” because most people who have it do not feel sick, but if left uncontrolled, it can lead to a heart attack or kidney disease. This is why it is so important to treat hypertension even if you feel fine. Many people can keep their hypertension under control by making some changes in their daily activities, such as increasing exercise and eating a healthier diet. Other people may need to take medicine in addition to diet and/or exercise.

Hypertension Treatment

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is dangerous because it can lead to strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, or kidney disease. The goal of hypertension treatment is to lower high blood pressure and protect important organs, like the brain, heart, and kidneys from damage. Treatment for hypertension has been associated with reductions in stroke (reduced an average of 35%-40%), heart attack (20%-25%), and heart failure (more than 50%), according to research.

Treating high blood pressure can help prevent serious ? even life-threatening ? complications. Your doctor also may suggest steps to control conditions that can contribute to high blood pressure, such as diabetes and high cholesterol.

The treatment for secondary pulmonary hypertension usually begins with treating the underlying cause. For instance, if a blood clot, or pulmonary embolism, is causing the hypertension, the clot may need to be surgically removed.

For individuals with hypertension, lifestyle modifications as mentioned above are important but many times, medications will also be needed to adequately manage blood pressure. Many types of drugs are used to lower blood pressure.

Originally posted 2009-11-01 08:35:55. Republished by Old Post Promoter

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